> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://manual-1-3.karamba3d.com/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://manual-1-3.karamba3d.com/chinese_1_3_3/2-getting-started/2-getting-started-1/setting-up-a-structural-analysis/2.2.4-define-loads.md).

# 2.2.4: 定义荷载

![ 图2.2.4.1：顶端处有点荷载的悬臂](/files/-M9XuSWofnLaFJ46eaZh)

图2.2.4.1中，在悬臂的顶端处添加1 ($$kN$$) 的一个点荷载。 **“Force（力）”** 输入端口处输入的矢量指定荷载的方向和大小：由于全局坐标系Z轴指向上方，其向下作用的荷载则为负的z分量。

{% hint style="info" %}
**“LCase（荷载工况）”** 输入端口可用于设置荷载作用下的荷载工况编号。这一设置允许创建不同的荷载场景（例如，来自不同方向的风）。
{% endhint %}

![图2.2.4.2：定义荷载](/files/-M9XuSWqCYCHGIVy0qIr)

**“Loads（荷载）”** 运算器底部的下拉对话框允许用户选择不同类型的荷载，如图2.2.4.2. 所示。重力荷载（1）作用于整体结构；点荷载的位置（2）可通过节点索引或位置进行届定；梁荷载（3）作用于由元素识别器给出的元素；任意网格上的分布式荷载（4）减少到近似静态等效的节点和梁荷载。

重力和点荷载的方向依据是全局坐标系。指定梁和网格荷载的方向矢量可依据（与元素或网格相关的）全局坐标系或局部坐标系进行定位。


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