> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://manual-1-3.karamba3d.com/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://manual-1-3.karamba3d.com/chinese_1_3_3/3-in-depth-component-reference/3.3-cross-section/3.3.1-beam-cross-sections.md).

# 3.3.1: 梁的断面 (Beam Cross Sections)

Karamba3D 提供五种基本类型的梁断面

* 圆管断面 — 默认选择
* 空心箱式断面
* 梯形断面
* 工字型断面

![图3.3.1：具有四种不同种类断面的悬臂](/files/-M9XuR_gJEfEe4sj2P3v)

图3.3.1显示了直接在**“LineToBeam（由线到梁）”**运算器上定义断面特性的悬臂。在未定义偏心率的情况下，梁的轴线始终与几何中心的断面重合。例如，改变工字型断面上部法兰的宽度会导致整个断面在局部Z轴方向上的轻微移动。如果断面的上部位置需要固定，则需指定一个偏心率。上述改变可通过特定的运算器（请参阅第[3.3.7](/chinese_1_3_3/3-in-depth-component-reference/3.3-cross-section/3.3.7-eccentricity-on-beam-eccentricity-on-cross-section.md)节）或通过输入端口**“Ecce-loc”**来完成。在此处提供矢量，以便相对梁的轴线移动断面。给定的偏心率与梁的局部坐标系相对应。几何中心的最终位置可以从**“Disassemble Cross Section（分解断面）”**运算器中获取（请参阅第[3.3.4](/chinese_1_3_3/3-in-depth-component-reference/3.3-cross-section/3.3.4-disassemble-cross-section.md)节）。

除定义断面几何形状的输入端口、**“Elem|Id”**-和**“Ecce-loc”**输入外，还有：

|                    |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |
| ------------------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| **“Family（系列）”**   | 每个断面都隶属一个系列。在进行断面优化时（参阅第[3.5.8](/chinese_1_3_3/3-in-depth-component-reference/3.5-algorithms/3.5.8-optimize-cross-section.md)节），Karamba3D仅选择与原始断面属同一系列的型材。此系列可由任意断面类型组成。                                                                       |
| **“Name（名称）"**     | 断面的标识符不必是唯一的。在模型视图的**“RenderSettings （渲染设置）”**子菜单中启用**“CroSecNames（断面名称）”**可以查看断面。                                                                                                                                 |
| **“Color（颜色）”**    | 允许用户定义断面的颜色。在**“ModelView（模型视图）”**运算器的**“Color（颜色）”**子菜单中激活**“Cross Sections（横断面）”**，并在**“BeamView（梁视图）”**运算器的**“Render Settings（渲染设置）”**子菜单中激活**“CroSec（断面）”**，使断面颜色可见。 |
| **“Material（材料）”** | 可设置断面材料。通过**“Assemble（模型构建）”**运算器进行的间接材料定义可以覆写断面材料的直接定义。                                                                                                                                                                         |


---

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