Karamba3D v1.3.3
English 英文
English 英文
  • Welcome to Karamba3D
  • 1: Introduction
    • 1.1: Installation
    • 1.2: Licenses
      • 1.2.1: Cloud Licenses
      • 1.2.2: Network Licenses
        • 1.2.2.1: Network license (archived)
      • 1.2.3: Temporary Licenses
      • 1.2.4: Standalone Licenses
  • 2: Getting Started
    • 2: Getting Started
      • 2.1: Karamba3D Entities
      • 2.2: Setting up a Structural Analysis
        • 2.2.1: Define the Model Elements
        • 2.2.2: View the Model
        • 2.2.3: Add Supports
        • 2.2.4: Define Loads
        • 2.2.5: Choose an Algorithm
        • 2.2.6: Provide Cross Sections
        • 2.2.7: Specify Materials
        • 2.2.8: Retrieve Results
      • 2.3: Physical Units
      • 2.4: Quick Component Reference
  • 3: In Depth Component Reference
    • 3.1: Model
      • 3.1.1: Assemble Model
      • 3.1.2: Disassemble Model
      • 3.1.3: Modify Model
      • 3.1.4: Connected Parts
      • 3.1.5: Activate Element
      • 3.1.6: Line to Beam
      • 3.1.7: Connectivity to Beam
      • 3.1.8: Index to Beam
      • 3.1.9: Mesh to Shell
      • 3.1.10: Modify Element
      • 3.1.11: Point-Mass
      • 3.1.12: Disassemble Element
      • 3.1.13: Make Beam-Set đź”·
      • 3.1.14: Orientate Element
      • 3.1.15: Select Element
      • 3.1.16: Support
    • 3.2: Load
      • 3.2.1: Loads
      • 3.2.2: Disassemble Mesh Load
      • 3.2.3: Prescribed displacements
    • 3.3: Cross Section
      • 3.3.1: Beam Cross Sections
      • 3.3.2: Shell Cross Sections
      • 3.3.3: Spring Cross Sections
      • 3.3.4: Disassemble Cross Section đź”·
      • 3.3.5: Beam-Joint Agent đź”·
      • 3.3.6: Beam-Joints đź”·
      • 3.3.7: Eccentricity on Beam and Cross Section đź”·
      • 3.3.8: Modify Cross Section đź”·
      • 3.3.9: Cross Section Range Selector
      • 3.3.10: Cross Section Selector
      • 3.3.11: Cross Section Matcher
      • 3.3.12: Generate Cross Section Table
      • 3.3.13: Read Cross Section Table from File
    • 3.4: Material
      • 3.4.1: Material Properties
      • 3.4.2: Material Selection
      • 3.4.3: Read Material Table from File
      • 3.4.4: Disassemble Material đź”·
    • 3.5: Algorithms
      • 3.5.1: Analyze
      • 3.5.2: AnalyzeThII đź”·
      • 3.5.3: Analyze Nonlinear WIP
      • 3.5.4: Large Deformation Analysis
      • 3.5.5: Buckling Modes đź”·
      • 3.5.6: Eigen Modes
      • 3.5.7: Natural Vibrations
      • 3.5.8: Optimize Cross Section đź”·
      • 3.5.9: BESO for Beams
      • 3.5.10: BESO for Shells
      • 3.5.11: Optimize Reinforcement đź”·
      • 3.5.12: Tension/Compression Eliminator đź”·
    • 3.6: Results
      • 3.6.1: ModelView
      • 3.6.2: Deformation-Energy
      • 3.6.3: Nodal Displacements
      • 3.6.4: Principal Strains Approximation
      • 3.6.5: Reaction Forces đź”·
      • 3.6.6: Utilization of Elements đź”·
      • 3.6.7: BeamView
      • 3.6.8: Beam Displacements đź”·
      • 3.6.9: Beam Forces
      • 3.6.10: Resultant Section Forces
      • 3.6.11: ShellView
      • 3.6.12: Line Results on Shells
      • 3.6.13: Result Vectors on Shells
      • 3.6.14: Shell Forces
    • 3.7: Export đź”·
      • 3.7.1: Export Model to DStV đź”·
    • 3.8 Utilities
      • 3.8.1: Mesh Breps
      • 3.8.2: Closest Points
      • 3.8.3: Closest Points Multi-dimensional
      • 3.8.4: Cull Curves
      • 3.8.5: Detect Collisions
      • 3.8.6: Get Cells from Lines
      • 3.8.7: Line-Line Intersection
      • 3.8.8: Principal States Transformation đź”·
      • 3.8.9: Remove Duplicate Lines
      • 3.8.10: Remove Duplicate Points
      • 3.8.11: Simplify Model
      • 3.8.12: Element Felting đź”·
      • 3.8.13: Mapper đź”·
      • 3.8.14: Interpolate Shape đź”·
      • 3.8.15: Connecting Beams with Stitches đź”·
      • 3.8.16: User Iso-Lines and Stream-Lines
  • Troubleshooting
    • 4.1: Miscellaneous Questions and Problems
      • 4.1.1: Installation Issues
      • 4.1.2: Purchases
      • 4.1.3: Licensing
      • 4.1.4: Runtime Errors
      • 4.1.5: Definitions and Components
      • 4.1.6: Default Program Settings
    • 4.2: Support
  • Appendix
    • A.1: Release Notes
      • Work in Progress Versions
      • Version 1.3.3
      • Version 1.3.2 build 190919
      • Version 1.3.2 build 190731
      • Version 1.3.2 build 190709
      • Version 1.3.2
    • A.2: Background information
      • A.2.1: Basic Properties of Materials
      • A.2.2: Additional Information on Loads
      • A.2.3: Tips for Designing Statically Feasible Structures
      • A.2.4: Hints on Reducing Computation Time
      • A.2.5: Natural Vibrations, Eigen Modes and Buckling
      • A.2.6: Approach Used for Cross Section Optimization
    • A.3: Bibliography
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  1. 3: In Depth Component Reference
  2. 3.3: Cross Section

3.3.6: Beam-Joints đź”·

Previous3.3.5: Beam-Joint Agent đź”·Next3.3.7: Eccentricity on Beam and Cross Section đź”·

Last updated 4 years ago

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A structure usually consists of a large number of load bearing elements that need to be joined together. When rigidly connected, such a joint has to transfer three section forces (one axial force, two shear forces) and three moments (one torsional and two bending moments). Depending on the type of material such full connections are sometimes (e.g. for wood) hard to achieve, costly and bulky. A solution to this problem consists in introducing hinges.

Fig. 3.3.6.1 shows a beam under dead weight with fully fixed boundary conditions at both end-points. At the right end the joint (which is in fact no joint any more) completely dissociates the beam from the support there. The result is a cantilever.

The symbols for joints resemble that for supports: pink arrows represent translational joints, white circles symbolize moment hinges. In Karamba3D joints are realized by inserting a spring between the endpoint of a beam and the node to which it connects. This necessitates sufficient support conditions at the actual nodes to prevent them from freely moving around. See for example the right node in fig. 3.3.6.1 which has to be fully fixed – otherwise the system would be kinematic.

The “Beam-Joint”-component allows to define hinges at a beam’s starting- and end-node. A list of beam-identifiers lets you select the beams where the joint definition shall apply. Filled circles mean that the corresponding degrees of freedom represent joints. “T” stands for translation, “R” for rotation. Feed the resulting cross-section into the “Joint”-plug of the “Assemble”-component. The orientation of the axes of the joints corresponds to the local coordinate system of the beam they apply to.

Sometimes the stiffness of connections lies between fully fixed and zero. With the input-plugs “Ct-start” and “Cr-start” it is possible to set the stiffness of the hinge in translation (kN/m)(kN/m)(kN/m) and rotation(kNm/rad)(kNm/rad)(kNm/rad) respectively at the start of the element. “Ct-end” and “Cr-end” provide the same functionality for the end-point.

In order to make the definition of hinges accessible to optimization the input-plugs “Dofs-start” and “Dofs-end” can be used to set hinges at the beams endpoints with a list of numbers. Integers in the range from 0 to 5 signify degrees of freedom to be released in addition to those specified manually with the radio-buttons.

Fig. 3.3.6.1: Beam fixed at both supports with a fully disconnected joint at one end