Karamba3D v1.3.3
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English 英文
  • Welcome to Karamba3D
  • 1: Introduction
    • 1.1: Installation
    • 1.2: Licenses
      • 1.2.1: Cloud Licenses
      • 1.2.2: Network Licenses
        • 1.2.2.1: Network license (archived)
      • 1.2.3: Temporary Licenses
      • 1.2.4: Standalone Licenses
  • 2: Getting Started
    • 2: Getting Started
      • 2.1: Karamba3D Entities
      • 2.2: Setting up a Structural Analysis
        • 2.2.1: Define the Model Elements
        • 2.2.2: View the Model
        • 2.2.3: Add Supports
        • 2.2.4: Define Loads
        • 2.2.5: Choose an Algorithm
        • 2.2.6: Provide Cross Sections
        • 2.2.7: Specify Materials
        • 2.2.8: Retrieve Results
      • 2.3: Physical Units
      • 2.4: Quick Component Reference
  • 3: In Depth Component Reference
    • 3.1: Model
      • 3.1.1: Assemble Model
      • 3.1.2: Disassemble Model
      • 3.1.3: Modify Model
      • 3.1.4: Connected Parts
      • 3.1.5: Activate Element
      • 3.1.6: Line to Beam
      • 3.1.7: Connectivity to Beam
      • 3.1.8: Index to Beam
      • 3.1.9: Mesh to Shell
      • 3.1.10: Modify Element
      • 3.1.11: Point-Mass
      • 3.1.12: Disassemble Element
      • 3.1.13: Make Beam-Set 🔷
      • 3.1.14: Orientate Element
      • 3.1.15: Select Element
      • 3.1.16: Support
    • 3.2: Load
      • 3.2.1: Loads
      • 3.2.2: Disassemble Mesh Load
      • 3.2.3: Prescribed displacements
    • 3.3: Cross Section
      • 3.3.1: Beam Cross Sections
      • 3.3.2: Shell Cross Sections
      • 3.3.3: Spring Cross Sections
      • 3.3.4: Disassemble Cross Section 🔷
      • 3.3.5: Beam-Joint Agent 🔷
      • 3.3.6: Beam-Joints 🔷
      • 3.3.7: Eccentricity on Beam and Cross Section 🔷
      • 3.3.8: Modify Cross Section 🔷
      • 3.3.9: Cross Section Range Selector
      • 3.3.10: Cross Section Selector
      • 3.3.11: Cross Section Matcher
      • 3.3.12: Generate Cross Section Table
      • 3.3.13: Read Cross Section Table from File
    • 3.4: Material
      • 3.4.1: Material Properties
      • 3.4.2: Material Selection
      • 3.4.3: Read Material Table from File
      • 3.4.4: Disassemble Material 🔷
    • 3.5: Algorithms
      • 3.5.1: Analyze
      • 3.5.2: AnalyzeThII 🔷
      • 3.5.3: Analyze Nonlinear WIP
      • 3.5.4: Large Deformation Analysis
      • 3.5.5: Buckling Modes 🔷
      • 3.5.6: Eigen Modes
      • 3.5.7: Natural Vibrations
      • 3.5.8: Optimize Cross Section 🔷
      • 3.5.9: BESO for Beams
      • 3.5.10: BESO for Shells
      • 3.5.11: Optimize Reinforcement 🔷
      • 3.5.12: Tension/Compression Eliminator 🔷
    • 3.6: Results
      • 3.6.1: ModelView
      • 3.6.2: Deformation-Energy
      • 3.6.3: Nodal Displacements
      • 3.6.4: Principal Strains Approximation
      • 3.6.5: Reaction Forces 🔷
      • 3.6.6: Utilization of Elements 🔷
      • 3.6.7: BeamView
      • 3.6.8: Beam Displacements 🔷
      • 3.6.9: Beam Forces
      • 3.6.10: Resultant Section Forces
      • 3.6.11: ShellView
      • 3.6.12: Line Results on Shells
      • 3.6.13: Result Vectors on Shells
      • 3.6.14: Shell Forces
    • 3.7: Export 🔷
      • 3.7.1: Export Model to DStV 🔷
    • 3.8 Utilities
      • 3.8.1: Mesh Breps
      • 3.8.2: Closest Points
      • 3.8.3: Closest Points Multi-dimensional
      • 3.8.4: Cull Curves
      • 3.8.5: Detect Collisions
      • 3.8.6: Get Cells from Lines
      • 3.8.7: Line-Line Intersection
      • 3.8.8: Principal States Transformation 🔷
      • 3.8.9: Remove Duplicate Lines
      • 3.8.10: Remove Duplicate Points
      • 3.8.11: Simplify Model
      • 3.8.12: Element Felting 🔷
      • 3.8.13: Mapper 🔷
      • 3.8.14: Interpolate Shape 🔷
      • 3.8.15: Connecting Beams with Stitches 🔷
      • 3.8.16: User Iso-Lines and Stream-Lines
  • Troubleshooting
    • 4.1: Miscellaneous Questions and Problems
      • 4.1.1: Installation Issues
      • 4.1.2: Purchases
      • 4.1.3: Licensing
      • 4.1.4: Runtime Errors
      • 4.1.5: Definitions and Components
      • 4.1.6: Default Program Settings
    • 4.2: Support
  • Appendix
    • A.1: Release Notes
      • Work in Progress Versions
      • Version 1.3.3
      • Version 1.3.2 build 190919
      • Version 1.3.2 build 190731
      • Version 1.3.2 build 190709
      • Version 1.3.2
    • A.2: Background information
      • A.2.1: Basic Properties of Materials
      • A.2.2: Additional Information on Loads
      • A.2.3: Tips for Designing Statically Feasible Structures
      • A.2.4: Hints on Reducing Computation Time
      • A.2.5: Natural Vibrations, Eigen Modes and Buckling
      • A.2.6: Approach Used for Cross Section Optimization
    • A.3: Bibliography
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  • Isotropic Material Properties
  • Orthotropic Material Properties

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  1. 3: In Depth Component Reference
  2. 3.4: Material

3.4.1: Material Properties

Previous3.4: MaterialNext3.4.2: Material Selection

Last updated 3 years ago

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The component “MatProps” lets one directly define isotropic and orthotropic materials. Use the dropdown menu at the bottom of the component to chose between ortho- and isotropic materials.

Isotropic Material Properties

In Fig. 3.4.1.1 selection of the second material from the resulting list can be made (bottom right component) or selection from the default material table (top right component). Material isotropy means that the material’s behaviour does not change with direction. Karamba3D uses the following parameters to characterize an isotropic material (see fig. 3.4.1.1):

"Family"

Family name of the material (e.g. “steel”); is used for selecting materials from a list.

"Name"

Name of the material (e.g. “S235”); serves as identification when selecting materials from a list.

"Elem|Id"

An element with an identifier, a string containing an identifier or a regular expression that depicts the elements that shall have the specified material.

"Color"

Color of the material. In order to see it, enable “Materials” in submenu “Colors” of the “ModelView”-component, then enable “Cross section” in submenu “Render Settings” of the “BeamView”- and/or “ShellView”-component.

"E"

"G12"

"G13"

"gamma"

"alphaT"

"fy"

In case of temperature changes materials expand or shorten. “alphaT” sets the increase of strain per degree Celsius of an unrestrained element. For steel the value is 1.0E5(1.0E5=1.−010−5=0.00001)1.0E 5(1.0E 5 = 1.-0 10−5 = 0.00001)1.0E5(1.0E5=1.−010−5=0.00001). Therefore an unrestrained steel rod of length 10m10 m10m lengthens by 1mm1 mm1mm under an increase of temperature of 10°C10 °C10°C. “alphaT” enters calculations when temperature loads are present.

Orthotropic Material Properties

In fig. 3.4.1.2 an orthotropic material gets defined using a “Material Property”-component. Besides “Family”, “Name”, “Elem|Id” and “Color” it expects the following input:

"E1"

"E2"

"G12"

"nue12"

"G31"

"G32"

"gamma"

"alphaT1"

"alphaT2"

"fy1"

"fy2"

Young’s Modulus (): characterizes the stiffness of the material.

In-plane shear modulus (): In case of isotropic materials the following constraint applies: . In case this condition is not fulfilled, the structure may show strange behaviour.

Transverse shear modulus (): Is the same asin case of isotropic materials like e.g. steel. This value can be chosen independently from. In case of e.g. wood, the value may be much smaller than.

Specific weight ()

Coefficient of thermal expansion ( )

Yield stress - the material strength

The yield stress characterizes the strength of a material. The utilization of cross sections as displayed by the “BeamView”-component (see section ) is the ratio of actual stress and yield stress. In case of shells, utilization is determined as the ratio of Van Mises Stress (as computed from the stresses in the shell) and yield stress (see section ). Cross section optimization (see section ) also makes use of the materials yield stress.

Material orthotropy means that the material’s behaviour changes with direction. The material properties in two orthogonal directions fully characterize any orthotropic material. In Karamba3D orthotropic materials take effect only in shells. When supplied to beams, the material properties in the first direction are applied. For shells the first material direction corresponds to the local x-axis. See section on how to set user defined local coordinate systems on shells.

Young’s Modulus in the first direction ()

Young’s Modulus in the second direction ()

In-plane shear modulus (): The value of is liable to a constraint which is further depicted below.

is the in-plane lateral contraction coefficient (also called Poisson’s ratio): In case(the default) the approximate formula of Huber is applied to calculate from,and:

Transverse shear modulus in the first direction ()

Transverse shear modulus in the second direction ()

Specific weight ()

Coefficient of thermal expansion in the first direction ()

Coefficient of thermal expansion in the second direction ()

Yield stress in the first direction ()

Yield stress in the second direction () is not used at the moment

kN/cm2kN/cm^2kN/cm2
kN/cm2kN/cm^2kN/cm2
E/3<G12<E/2E/3<G_{12}<E/2E/3<G12​<E/2
kN/cm2kN/cm^2kN/cm2
G12G_{12}G12​
EEE
G12G_{12}G12​
kN/cm3kN/cm^3kN/cm3
1/°C1/°C1/°C
kN/cm2kN/cm^2kN/cm2
kN/cm2kN/cm^2kN/cm2
kN/cm2kN/cm^2kN/cm2
kN/cm2kN/cm^2kN/cm2
v12=E12.G12−E1E2v_{12} = \frac {E_1} {2.G_{12}} - \sqrt {\frac {E_1}{E_2}}v12​=2.G12​E1​​−E2​E1​​​
kN/cm2kN/cm^2kN/cm2
kN/cm2kN/cm^2kN/cm2
kN/m3kN/m^3kN/m3
1/°C1/°C1/°C
1/°C1/°C1/°C
kN/cm2kN/cm^2kN/cm2
kN/cm2kN/cm^2kN/cm2
3.6.7
3.6.11
3.5.8
3.1.14
v12v_{12}v12​
v12=−1v_{12}=-1v12​=−1
v12v_{12}v12​
E1E_1E1​
E2E_2E2​
G12G_{12}G12​
[8]
Fig. 3.4.1.1: Definition of the properties of two isotropic materials via the “Material Properties” component
Fig. 3.4.1.2: Definition of properties of an orthotropic material via the “Material Properties” component